This module explores the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying manual therapies, specifically joint manipulation or high-velocity, low amplitude forces characterized by chiropractic techniques. Emphasis is placed on how mechanical stimuli are transduced through tissue receptors into afferent neural signals, leading to peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal responses. The cascade of effects—ranging from modulation of spinal reflexes and motor neuron excitability to alterations in pain processing and autonomic function—is examined. The module also integrates biomechanical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial factors influencing clinical outcomes, highlighting current controversies regarding local versus generalized treatment effects and the importance of patient selection and interdisciplinary care.
