This module explores the scientific and clinical foundations of equine spinal mobilization and manipulation, with a focus on understanding applied forces, segmental kinematics, and measurable outcomes such as mechanical nociceptive thresholds and spinal flexibility. Participants will critically evaluate the effects of manual therapies on acute and chronic spinal pain, muscle tone, and limb lameness. Through integration of research models, clinical trials, and rehabilitation strategies, learners will examine the differences between mobilization and manipulation, local versus systemic treatment effects, and the role of adjunct therapies such as NSAIDs and massage. Emphasis is placed on applying the scientific method and guiding clinical principles — safety, effectiveness, and efficiency — to inform evidence-based decision-making in equine practice.
